Tekst 42: Er den amerikanske drøm død?, 2017
Noam Chomsky (f. 1928) er filosof, historiker og professor i lingvistik. Han skriver i bogen Requiem forThe American Dream fra 2017 om den, efter hans mening, kollapsende amerikanske drøm.
Fra Noam Chomsky: Requiem for the American Dream. Seven Stories Press, 2017, side IX-XX.
A Note on the American Dream
During the Great Depression, which I’m old enough to remember, it was bad – much worse objectively than today. But there was a sense that we’ll get out of this somehow, an expectation that things were going to get better, “maybe we don’t have jobs today, but they’ll be coming back tomorrow, and we can work together to create a brighter future.” This was a time of a lot of political radicalism that would hopefully lead to a different future – one with more justice, equality, freedom, breaking down repressive class structures, and so on. There was just a general sense that “this will work out somehow.”
Most of my family, for instance, were unemployed working class. The rise of the union movement itself was a reflection of, and a source of, optimism and hopefulness. And that’s missing today. Today, there’s a general feeling that nothing’s coming back – it’s over.
The American Dream, like most dreams, has large elements of myth to it. Part of the nineteenth-century dream was the Horatio Alger story – “we’re dirt-poor but we’re going to work hard and we’ll find a way out,” which was true to an extent. Take my father, he came in 1913 from a very poor village in eastern Europe. He was able to get a job in a sweatshop in Baltimore, and gradually work himself up to the point where he could go to college, get a degree, and finally even a PhD. He ended up living what’s called a “middle-class” lifestyle. A lot of people could do that. It was possible for immigrants from Europe, in the early days, to achieve a level of wealth, privilege, freedom, and independence that wouldn’t have been imaginable in their countries of origin.
By now we simply know that that’s not true anymore. Social mobility, in fact, is lower here than it is in Europe. But the dream persists, fostered by propaganda. You hear it in every political speech, “vote for me, we’ll get the dream back.” They all reiterate it in similar words – you even hear it from people who are destroying the dream, whether they know it or not. But the “dream” has to be sustained, otherwise how are you going to get people in the richest, most powerful country in world history, with extraordinary advantages, to face the reality that they see around them?
Inequality is really unprecedented. If you look at total inequality today, it’s like the worst periods of American history. But if you refine it more closely, the inequality comes from the extreme wealth in a tiny sector of the population, a fraction of 1 percent.
There were periods like the Gilded Age in the 1890s and the Roaring Twenties and so on, when a situation developed rather similar to this, but the current period is extreme. Because if you look at the wealth distribution, the inequality mostly comes from super-wealth – literally, the top one-tenth of a percent are just super-wealthy. This is the result of over thirty years of a shift in social and economic policy. If you check you find that over the course of these years the government policy has been modified completely against the will of the population to provide enormous benefits to the very rich. And for most of the population, the majority, real incomes have almost stagnated for over thirty years. The middle class in that sense, that unique American sense, is under severe attack.
A significant part of the American Dream is class mobility: You’re born poor, you work hard, you get rich. The idea that it is possible for everyone to get a decent job, buy a home, get a car, have their children go to school…
It’s all collapsed.
